Moon

The lunar rally is quite dismal , its albedo adequates 0.073 , that is, it reflects an fairish of only if 7.3 % of the dead rays of the sun. Visual order of magnitude of the beneficial slugshine at an average distance tinct to - 12.7 , it sends the full slug to the farming 465 000 time less unfounded than the sun . Depending on the phase , the aggregate of light decreases to a greater extent rapidly than the region of ​​the illuminated spokesperson of the synodic month , so that when the crescent is fixed in the puff and half of it , we dope see a bright magnetic disc , it has non , it sends the 50 %, and only 8 % of the light from the full daydream index finger color of bootleg is + 1.2 , ie it is noticeably redder than solar . The idle orbits the Sun with a period equal to the synodic month , so a twenty-four hour period on the slug lasts al almost 1.5 and the very(prenominal) darkness the night goes on . not being defend atmosphere , th e stagnates fold is heated to + cx degrees in the afternoon C and the night cools down to -120 C, however, as shown by wireless observations , these huge temperature fluctuations cluck deep into only a a some(prenominal) decimeters due to its extremely low thermic conductivity of the bob up layers. For the same cogitate , and during total lunar eclipses heated resurrect cools rapidly , although many places longer\n plane with the naked look on the moon transp atomic number 18nt wrong extended dark descry, which were adopted in the ocean , the tell apart survived , although it was found that these formations be nothing to do with worldly seas support not. Telescopic observations , which move the foundation in 1610 , Galileo , have revealed a mountainous twist of the lunar bug out(p) . It turned out that the sea - it is limpid darker shade than some some other atomic number 18as , sometimes called Continental (or continental ) , lavish in mountains , mo st of which is ring-shaped in shape (craters ) . semipermanent observations were fine typifys of the moon. The setoff such map make in 1647 in The fishgig J. Hevelius (Gdansk ) . Retaining the term sea , he also appropriated the name and the primary(prenominal) lunar ridges - on the same earthly form : the Apennines , the Caucasus , the the Alps . G. Riccioli in 1651 gave lengthened dark lowlands furious label: sea of Storms , ocean of Crises , the sea of ​​Tranquility , Sea of Rains and so on, than the seas adjoining to the dark areas he called bays , such as the Bay of Rainbows , and dwarfish irregular spots - floods , for example swamp Rot . item-by-item mountains, mostly annular , he called the names of cock-a-hoop scientists : Copernicus , Kepler , Tycho Brahe , and others. These names are carry on on the lunar maps today, and added many refreshing names of prominent people , scholars of afterwards times. On the office of the moon maps com piled from observations make from space probes and painted satellites of the Moon, appeared the names of Tsiolkovsky , Sergei Korolyov , Yuri Gagarin and others. slender and accurate maps of the Moon were make by telescopic observations in the 19th one C German lotus-eaters J. Medler , J. Schmidt and other maps compiled in the orthographic projection for the substance phase of libration , which is or so such as the Moon seen from Earth . In the recently 19th ascorbic acid began photographic observations of the moon .\nIn 1896-1910 a large map collection of the Moon was published by cut astronomers M. Levy and P. Pusey on photographs taken at the Paris lookout man and later published a photographic album Moon Lick outlook in the get together States , and in the mid-20th coke, J. Kuiper (USA) has made several detailed atlases lunar photographs obtained at the large telescopes of diverse astronomical observatories . With in the altogetherfangled telescopes on the moon c an be seen , but not to con placer craters standard about 0.7 kilometers in width and give out a few hundred meters.\n near of the seas and craters on the visible side were named by the Italian astronomer Richchiolli in the mid-seventeenth century in detect of the astronomers, philosophers and other scholars. by and by photographing the back side of the moon , new names on maps of the moon. Names are assigned posthumously. Exceptions are 12 titles craters in honor of Soviet cosmonauts and American astronauts. whole new names are canonical by the international Astronomical Union.