Men

There are not very many motion pictures and even less network shows that are significant. Many group to the venue to make up for lost time with their stars which they mechanically follow in the newspaper papers.  For the individuals who like to be engaged by provocative movies by method of the thoughtless blockbusters, there are not many to look over. The Ox Bow Incident, The China Syndrome, Schlinder’s List and 12 Angry Men all fill in as an alternate sort of film: one with a message that should be assimilated and recognized.(Maltin, 145) The standards for the watcher might be distinctive however the entirety of the previously mentioned motion pictures, or rather films, explicitly 12 Angry Men, serve to depict a message that is immortal. The message one has the ethical duty and is energized in a free majority rule government, to defend foul play by talking one’s psyche openly. This reason will consistently be ageless and the way that this film was recorded clearly, 50 years back and with 95% of the film being shot continuously and in just the jury room, has little criticalness on the significance of the film and its impact.(Carr, 83) In 12 Angry Men, 12 attendants are confronted with the ability to end the life of a youngster that is blamed for slaughtering his dad. It is 1950’s New York and the Puerto Rican populace, of which the blamed is part for, is moving to New York in huge numbers, causing misery and raising the rage on the majority.(Weiler, B1) Racist presumptions, combined with the total lack of concern of a large portion of the members of the jury towards the eventual fate of the denounced make it a difficult task for Henry Fonda’s character to persuade the other eleven legal hearers to at any rate give the kid a reasonable hearing and to disregard, for an evening, the preferences that would constrain them to rapidly decide in favor of the passing of this youngster. The film works and has stood the trial of time as a result of the on-screen characters, the extraordinary manner by which it was shot and the topic of the film. This film is required review for some, law classes and is being concentrated some place in the nation about each day of the week. One manner by which the film works is that is addresses the obstacles that racial preferences have on society all in all as well as on the person as such disdain wars against the bliss and happiness of the individual are completely found in the film. The members of the jury that needed the denounced to get capital punishment appeared to be the angriest. This was explicitly the situation with the last hold outs towards a quittance. Attendants # 3 and #10 played by Lee J. Cobb and Edward Beagley. The kid is Hispanic, Puerto Rican to be explicit and is alluded to as â€Å"one of them† on various events. ( Lumet, 1957) If it was not made evident in the film, our better prepared eyes and ears can without much of a stretch see that the remark encapsulates supremacist suggestions and will very likely cloud the capacity for those legal hearers to cast a ballot with a fair brain. Motion pictures that have had significant messages were some of the time lost on the grounds that either the entertainers were of a normal quality and additionally the progression of the film just didn’t work. The most clear explanation that this film works is a result of the heavenly exhibitions by Henry Fonda, Lee J. Cobb, Jack Warman and Jack Klugman to give some examples. Ordinarily, the significance of a film and its message is lost in light of the fact that the overall population basically didn't care for the film. A case of this is The Ox Bow Incident. Made in 1943 and featuring Henry Fonda. Its genuine substance didn't mean a group of people during WWII and the film was lost, just to be rediscovered decades later as a significant film. ( Maltin, 146 ) 12 Angry Men, however not a blockbuster, was viewed as a significant film by pundits and the New York Times, at the hour of the movie’s discharge, called it amusement with a message. The film works since it is engaging and therefore, its capacity to contact a more extensive crowd and to be regarded by said crowd is considerably more amplified. The film additionally works on the grounds that a contemporary crowd can see that it was comparatively radical in its topic and message. The thoughts of going to bat for one’s convictions were the same old thing in film. John Wayne was seen facing the apparent shrewdness Native Americans as he helped take their territory and the crowds commonly cherished him for it. However, the possibility that someone would support the privileges of a youngster with a fierce past who was a minority, was something new in standard Hollywood. What was much progressively significant was the way that Henry Fonda went to bat for the kid by calling attention to the ageism and in particular, prejudice of one portion of the hearers and the indifference towards their obligation of the other half. It is the manner by which Henry Fonda and an extraordinary cast depict the message to the crowd that makes this film work and will keep on working for quite a long time to come. The film likewise works since it was unique in relation to most of the motion pictures coming out around then. There was no romantic tale, no generally off base western, no blockbuster that was high on blasts and feeble on story line however a dramatization in its most flawless structures. The film was recorded in high contrast when most of the studios was attempting to battle the approaching impact of TV and was moving firmly towards Technicolor. There are no fantasy successions, no strange camera edges or embellishments what's more Fonda and Cobb, no genuine stars. The film is shot continuously and 95% of the film was shot in a solitary room. On the off chance that this content was appeared to any settled entertainer today, the film would be turned down.â On paper, the film simply doesn't work however when put on the big screen and with the exhibitions of the on-screen characters and the manner by which the message is depicted to the crowd, it would do anything besides fall flat. The film additionally works since ageism, sexism and bigotry are progressing issues in America today. A lot of progress has been driven since 12 Crazy Men was created more than 50 years back. What's more, with Barrack Obama declaring his office for President simply a week ago to a demigod welcome, it assists with indicating how much advancement has been made. In any case, with despise wrongdoings happening the nation over individuals despite everything passing judgment on others basically by the way that they look, talk or act, 12 Angry Men despite everything talks about a subject that a contemporary crowd can even now acknowledge and could gain from. This is the trial of any extraordinary film: Will it stand the trial of time? 12 Angry Men does as such for such a significant number of reasons and that is the reason the film works. The partialities associated with the film not just have to do with the accuser’s race yet in addition his age and his experience. In many legal disputes, the past of the denounced isn't permitted in court as it is viewed as being partiality towards the charged. In the film, the blamed had a considerable rundown for savage and peaceful violations since he was ten. A considerable lot of the legal hearers consider this to be evidence enough with regards to the blame of the denounced. In any case, Henry Fonda’s character, Juror #9 takes a progressively illuminated perspective on the circumstance by saying that this criminal past has more to do with the condition that the kid experienced childhood in and less to do with the sort of individual that he is. For the 1950’s, this belief system is before its time and is in opposition to the mainstream rationale of the day which endorsed to the thought than â€Å"once a terrible seed, consistently an awful seed† and that multiple occasions, an awful notoriety was difficult to eradicate. â€Å"The youthful age of the charged additionally assumes a significant job as legal hearer #3, the last and most vocal champion against the quittance of the denounced sees the issues with his own child reflected in the difficulties that the blamed had with his own father.† (Weiler, B1) All three elements lead into the possibility that by far most of individuals are unequipped for being absolutely fair all alone yet except if they perceive their preferences and put forth explicit attempts to defeat these obstructions, the sick brain will consistently keep the victim from being fair-minded. Henry Fonda’s character most likely has his preferences and at once in the film, was happy to submit to the dominant part will of the individuals and decision in favor of the blame of the charged on the off chance that he were made to remain solitary any more. Fonda’s character had the option to perceive any unbiasedness that he may have and was fruitful in battling its negative impacts inside the jury room. He paid attention to his metro obligation very and it was to the advantage of the denounced as well as for everybody in that room also that he do that.â This is the most remarkable message in the film as it identifies with not just perceiving one’s biases and battling its negative impacts however more significantly, being happy to face the dominant part is who is reluctant to do likewise. Being compelled to tune in to six days of declaration while simultaneously being paid just three dollars per day for their administrations, it is anything but difficult to perceive how a few or the vast majority of the members of the jury toward the start of thoughts, appeared to be emotionless towards the extraordinary duty they need to give the charged their full focus while choosing his blame or blamelessness. This is the situation for various members of the jury; explicitly hearer #7 who is distracted with making the Yankee/Indians game soon thereafter. (Lumet, 1957) He feels hurried by the procedures and wants speedy thoughts followed by a consistent liable vote. He feels that the blamed is blameworthy yet in all probability would have casted a ballot the method of the greater part if that implied that he could have gone to the game, returned home or simply been anyplace other than in the court for any extra length of time.â He doesn't see and can't be emotionally reminded about the magnificent force he needs to either kill a man or to liberate him. The issue of the blame or honesty of the denounced ought to be vital in his psyche however tragically, it isn't. The insightful analysis of the film happened more at the hour of its discharge than today. It received A

Public policy 1000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Open arrangement 1000 - Essay Example nterest in the general population. Besides, productivity is likewise viewed as a factor that looks to set up the suitability in usage of assets in accomplishment of strategy destinations and execution. Consistency of the instrument is viewed as a factor concentrating on level of arrangement in wording destinations, procedures of the administration, authoritative, sacred and administrative organization. The other factor is intelligent of the strategy instrument, which centers around the estimations of the general public and network, for example, freedom, haven, classification and commonness. Every one of these variables are centered around issues that reverberate around picking successful instruments. In any case, concentrate in the process that includes usage of different approaches has prompted the interests of breaking down the significance of instruments and appraisal of successful that is built up. There are circumstance when lacks of different devices requires determination of n ew instruments; hence, this prompts sober minded goal of taking option in contrast to regular instruments or structuring meta-instruments. Indeed, this empowers and encourages coordination of traditional instruments (Bernelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung, 1998, 34). In any case, instrumentation is huge method of reflection, given that it creates its belongings; along these lines, it involves a gadget, which is specialized and social. Also, it is viewed as a specific type of organization, which specialized gadget with points of undertaking solid ideas of connection among legislative issues and society, which should be continued. Use of idea in picking arrangement instruments offers a premise of centering past functionalist draws near, in this manner seeing open strategy from the element of these instruments, which structures strategies. Besides, this strategy for determination is a substitution of the traditional methodology through arrangement substance dependent on evaluation and inves tigation structure the observation towards these instruments. Then again, this spotlights on deconstruction by means of instruments with an emphasis on understanding the instrumentation approach that grants tending to of measurements of open strategy, which may be undetectable. Furthermore, comprehension of approach instrumentation requires a center surveying sets of issues, which require decision and pertinence of certain type of arrangement instruments (Hood, Rothstein and Baldwin, 2001, 89). Along these lines, this empowers the administration to make approaches that are utilitarian and material. Decisions of arrangement instruments center around advancement, which is related with a period that has high enthusiasm on popular government; indeed, this point of view is viewed as dependent on thoughts of political gracefully. In this manner, foundation of strategy instrument offers a method of uncovering a wise unrest in the importance of arrangement through subjective and regulating system. Along these lines, this requires a need to concentrate on noticeable quality institutional explanations behind deterrents dependent on the adjustment and propensities

Word of the Week! Subfusc Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Subfusc Richmond Writing Once again, Dr. Ted Bunn, UR Department of Physics, nominated our word. This time he picked one that was completely new to me. As Dr. Bunn put it in an e-mail: It can just mean gloomy, apparently, but it can also mean the formal clothing worn for examinations and formal occasions at some universities. In Dorothy Sayers’s novel set at Oxford, she uses it to describe clothing in dark, subdued shades, suitable for wearing under academic regalia. I always think of it on graduation day. Only one of my American dictionaries has a brief entry, supporting Professor Bunns conclusion that the word is British English, not its American cousin. The OED Online provides both senses of the word given above, as an adjective or noun. The Latin roots are plain, sub + fuscus (dusky). We have a similar derivation in obfuscate and obfuscation. As recently at 2006, the Times of London noted that Undergraduates at Oxford University have voted by four to one to retain subfusc costume when sitting examinations. They voted again to retain it in 2015.   There are other specificities for subfusc at Oxford. As I learned from this article about the differences between it and Cambridge, subfusc means a kind of uniform of a black suit, white shirt and black robe, plus a black tie for men and a black ribbon for women. The customs surrounded academic regalia have crossed the Atlantic far better than the word itself or, for that matter, the often subfusc weather of the British Isles. While I cannot find meteorological examples of the word, it certainly works in that context. The image of a subfusc sky with the light just returning is my own, taken at twilight in Kenmare, Ireland in 2011.   The academic regalia of Oxford comes to us courtesy of Wikipedia. This blog will continue all summer, so nominate a word by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Words of the Week  here.

The Link Between Indian And Global Scenario - 2352 Words

THE LINK; INDIAN AND GLOBAL SCENARIO The roots of Indian law on Competition can be traced back to Articles 38 and 39 of the Constitution which lay down the duty of the State to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting a social order in which social, political and economic justice is prevalent and its further duty to distribute the ownership and control of material resources of the community to best serve the common good, in addition to ensuring that the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth. In October 1999, the government appointed a High Level Committee on Competition Policy and Competition Law to draft the new Competition Law, which was submitted in November 2000. The resultant Competition Act, 2002, came into force few months before the expiry of the TRIPS compliance period for India. It can therefore be seen as India’s fulfilment of its TRIPS obligations. Under Section 3, the Competition Commission is required to look into agreements which are anticompetitive in nature and those found to be anticompetitive are declared void. The Competition Act incorporates an exception for Intellectual Property Rights under Section 3(5) based on the rationale that Intellectual Property Rights deserve to be preserved since a failure to do so would disturb the all-important incentive for innovation. However, it does draw the line inasmuch as it does not permit unreasonable conditions to be passed off under the guise of protectingShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Planning : A Successful Indian Multinational Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Literature Review: How can the term ‘Human Resource planning’ be linked to best work practices in a successful Indian Multinational? Introduction The present research question examines how the practice of Human Resource planning is counted as one the best practices in a successful Multinational. The industry is highly competitive. The scarcity of qualifies managers has become a major constraint on the speedRead MoreThe Decolonization Process After The Second World War1695 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess after the Second World War resulted in the end of British hegemony in the Indian Ocean. The subsequent Cold War which ensued was again marked by superpower rivalry in the region, enhancing the region’s global strategic value. When this period came to an end, the littoral countries of the IOR to a certain extent rediscovered some of the economic, social and cultural facets that made the ocean the bridge between Africa, Asia and Australia . However, regional cooperation coordination is stillRead MoreCommunicative Language Teaching ( Clt ) Essay772 Words   |  4 Pagesany teaching ideology that helps students develop their communicative competence in a more realistic framework is an acceptable and beneficial form of instruction. 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It may be noted that other trading blocs like European Union, North Atlantic Free Trade AreaRead MoreThe Most Important Lessons For Military Leaders Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom national policy. The 2015 NMS identifies three National Military Objectives with an integrated approach: â€Å"to deter, deny, and defeat state adversaries; to disrupt, degrade, and defeat Violent Extremist Organizations (VEOs); and to strengthen our global network of allies and partners.† The most important lessons for military leaders for achieving these three military objectives are: how to adhere and adjust the right cause in the realm of Just War Theory before going to war; prepare for the fullRead MoreGeo Political Potential of Bangladesh in Context of South Asia1488 Words   |  6 PagesAsia *.South Asia is Surrounded by Middle east, Easternasia ,Centralasia Southeasternasia,Indian Ocean and the Himalayas ,is composed 8 countries (Bangladesh , India, Nepal , Bhutan , Pakistan, Sri Lanka , Maldives and Afghanistan) . 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But Indias ability to tap and nurture the competitiveness would depend on how well education is institutionalized. Education has become Indias â€Å"super infrastructure. When the whole world was deep asleep in darkness of ignorance Indians were busy discovering new things. Even today India has largest number of graduates in the world. In the nearly 50 years since independence, India has built a university education sys tem which is second in size only to that of the U.S., with 200 universitiesRead MoreThe PEST Analysis1782 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopments, events that will improve or hinder the growth of the firms and also it attempts to reduce the gap between present and future aspirations of the firm. 1. POLITICAL-LEGAL FACTORS: ïÆ'Ëœ Government policy and budget Performance of banking sector is affected by legislature and framing policies by the government. Banking activities are significantly affected by budget proposal. The dynamics of Indian Banking sector are drastically changed with securitization act. The Securitization Act has given moreRead MoreIncreased Risk Of Invasion : A Large Crop Canopy And Denser Foliage1419 Words   |  6 Pagesdelayed with an increase in temperature, extending the period of activity of pests. On the other hand, the increase in temperature may reduce the activity of some peat in summer. Natural enemy- pest Interaction: Amongst insects there is a distinction between the specialists and generalists, and their response to changing climatic conditions may be different. Generalist species have good dispersal capabilities and are best suited to tracking the changing climate, migrating with climatic shifts and taking

Euthanasia Is Not A Bad Thing - 2331 Words

Austin 1 Precis Taylor Austin, in her term paper â€Å"Euthanasia† argues euthanasia can save many people from suffering, but it also shouldn t be taken advantage of. Austin supports her argument by explaining that euthanasia isn’t a bad thing and people should have the right to choose what they do with their lives. The authors purpose is to inform the reader in order to/so that euthanasia isn’t a bad thing it could help many people but there should still be restrictions. The author write in a formal tone for the American Studies English teachers at Granite Hills High School. Introduction Five years ago, Joe was a retired landscaper and a loving father and grandpa. Joe was a very active man only wanting the best for himself. Everyday he would wake up make himself a healthy breakfast, go on a walk and take his grandchildren to school. He never ever thought of anything in a negative way everything was always seen positively. Every time you would see him he would have the biggest smile on his face but one day Joe took a visit to the doctors and things weren’t looking so good. Joe had been diagnosed with stage five esophageal cancer that had spread to the lining and his colon, the doctor told him it was too late to save him. Joe spent the rest of his life in and out of the hospital. It was a rough time for his kids Laura and Gabe now because they both worked full time and had to change their schedules to get their kids to school and to make time to see their father in theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Pros and Cons of Euthanasia1086 Words   |  5 PagesEuthanasia , good or bad? In this following article I will be exploring euthanasia in more detail, the different Christian points of view, the strengths and weaknesses of the euthanasia argument and finally my point of view on euthanasia and why I believe this. First of all, what is euthanasia? 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Enzymes Lab Report Free Essays

string(25) " added to all the tubes\." Introductory Biology 1 Biology 1003 Fall Term 2011 Lab Number: 3 Title: Cell Energetics: Enzyme Role in Biological Reactions Name: Brandon Moore Student Number: 100819124 Lab day and time: Wednesday pm Date: Wednesday November 23, 2011 Introduction Enzymes are a key aspect in our everyday life and are a key to sustaining life. They are biological catalysts that help speed up the rate of reactions. They do this by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions (Biology Department, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Enzymes: Lab Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now In chemical reactions bonds must be broken and new bonds must be formed. In order for this to occur the bonds must be made less stable. For bonds to become less stable a small input of energy is required and this is called the activation energy. In simpler terms, in order for a reaction to begin and proceed spontaneously a small input energy is required to give the reaction a push and get it started (Cooper, 2000). As said before catalysts are chemical agents used to speed up the rates of reactions. The biological catalyst is a group of proteins called enzymes. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy and making it easier for the eactants to obtain the necessary energy to break the kinetic barrier. Even though enzymes speed up the rate of reaction, they do not change the free energy of the reactants and the products (Russel et al. , 2010). Enzymes work by combining with reacting molecules at the active site. Each enzyme is specific to only one kind of molecule and can only bind to its specific molecule. The active site is a groove in the enzyme wher e the molecule will bind to; this is formed by the enzyme folding into a specific shape. When the enzyme is done and the molecules are then in the transitional state, which means the bonds are unstable and ready to be broken, the enzyme remains unchanged and can continue to bind to other molecules (Russel et al. , 2010). Enzymes induce the transition state by three major mechanisms. The first is by bringing the reacting molecules together. The reactants bind in the active site of the enzyme in the right orientation for catalysis to occur. The second mechanism works by the enzyme exposing the reactant molecule to altered charge environments. The third mechanism is by changing the shape of a substrate molecule (Russel et al. , 2010). The conditions being studied on how they affect enzyme activity are: concentration, ph, and temperature. As the concentration of enzymes increases the rate at which products are formed also increases. It is also true as the concentration of the substrate increases the rate of the reaction will also increase until the enzymes reach their maximum rate at which they can combine with the substrates. Each enzyme has a best possible pH where it works at its best. Anything that changes on either side of the optimum pH will decrease the rate of the reaction. Finally as temperature raises so does the rate of the reaction but only to a certain point. As the temperature raises the frequency and strength of collisions will increase, however if the temperature rises too high the hydrogen bonds of the enzyme break and it unfolds making it unable to accept any molecules due to its active site being destroyed. To observe the effects of these three conditions on enzyme activity spectrophotometry is used. A spectrophotometer works by measuring the amount of light a compound in solution absorbs. As the concentration of the solution increases more light is absorbed (Biology Department, 2011). The purpose of this experiment is to test and observe the effects of concentration, pH, and temperature on enzyme activity. Methods In part I of the lab obtain six small glass tubes in a test tube rack. After the six small tubes are obtained, add fifteen drops of distilled water to tube 1, ten drops to tube 2 and 3, five drops to tube 4, and no drops to tubes 5 and 6. Once distilled water is added five drops of the substrate solution were then added to tube 2, 4 and 6. There were no drops of substrate solution added to tubes 1 and 3, and ten drops were added to tube 6. After the substrate solution was added, five drops of the enzyme were quickly placed in tubes 3, 4 and 5. There were no drops of enzyme added in tubes 1 and 2 and in tube 6 ten drops were added. Once the enzyme solution has been added the tubes were then left to incubate for ten minutes and after five drops of DNSA solution were added to tubes 1 to 6. The tubes were then placed in a hot block at 80-90oC for five minutes. They were then taken out after the five minute period and using a 5 ml pipette, 5 ml of distilled water were added to the 6 tubes and mixed by inversion. Once everything was complete the 6 tubes were then taken to the Milton Roy Company Spectronic 21 and the absorbance of each tube was tested. In part II of the lab six small glass tubes were obtained in a test tube rack. Ten drops of distilled water were then added to test tube 1, five drops to tubes 2-4, and no drops in tubes 5 and 6. Five drops of 0. 1M HCl were added to test tube 5 and five drops of 0. 1M NaOH to test tube 6. Five drops of enzyme were then added to all tubes except tube 1. Tube 3 was then placed in the ice bucket and tube 4 was placed in the hot bucket at 80-900C for five minutes, the remaining tubes were left in the test tube rack. After the five minutes five drops of 1% starch was added to every tube and left to sit for ten minutes. After ten minutes five drops of DNSA were then added to all the tubes. You read "Enzymes: Lab Report" in category "Papers" All the tubes were then taken and placed in the hot bucket at 80-900C and left to incubate for five minutes. After the five minutes, take a 5 ml pipette and add 3 ml of distilled water to each tube and mix with inversion. Once everything is complete the tubes were then taken to the Milton Roy Company Spectronic 21 and the absorbance of each tube was tested. Results In part I tubes 1-3 had a very low absorbance. In tube 4 when the enzyme and substrate were present the absorbance increased substantially from below 0. 1 to a mean of 0. 53. When two times the amount of substrate was added in tube 5 the absorbance increased again from a mean of 0. 53 to 0. 57. Finally when two times the amount of enzymes was added the absorbance increased a final time from 0. 57 to 0. 63. Table 1. The effects of different concentrations on the absorbance of solutions Lab Group |Tube 1 Abs. |Tube 2 Abs. |Tube 3 Abs. |Tube 4 Abs. |Tube 5 Abs. |Tube 6 Abs. | |Our Group |0 |0. 05 |0. 09 |0. 55 |0. 68 |0. 66 | |Group 2 |0 |0 |0 |0. 61 |0. 725 |0. 75 | |Group 3 |0. 01 |0. 02 |0. 01 |0. 42 |0. 3 |0. 49 | |Mean |0. 0033 |0. 023 |0. 33 |0. 53 |0. 57 |0. 63 | |SD |0. 0058 |0. 025 |0. 049 |0. 097 |0. 23 |0. 13 | |SE |0. 0033 |0. 015 |0. 029 |0. 056 |0. 14 |0. 076 | Tube 1 was the control and recorded a low absorbance of approximately 0. 01. Tube 2 contained the enzyme and substrate and the absorbance rose to a mean of 0. 54. When tube three was heated and tube 4 was cooled the absorbance ecreased to 0. 32 and 0. 38. Finally solution of 0. 1M HCl was added to tube 5 and the absorbance decreased to 0. 0025, and solution of 0. 1M NaOH was added to tube 6 and the absorbance decreased to 0. 13. Table 2. The effects of pH and temperature on the absorbance of different solutions |Lab Group |Tube 1 Abs. |Tube 2 Abs. |Tube 3 Abs. |Tube 4 Abs. |Tube 5 Abs. |Tube 6 Abs. | |Our Group |0 |0. 63 |0. 39 |0 |0 |0. 4 | |Group 2 |0 |0. 15 |0. 9 |0 |0 |0. 01 | |Group 3 |0. 05 |0. 85 |0. 49 |0. 11 |0. 01 |0. 08 | |Group 4 |0 |0. 54 |0. 31 |0. 04 |0 |0. 03 | |Mean |0. 013 |0. 54 |0. 32 |0. 038 |0. 0025 |0. 13 | |SD |0. 025 |0. 29 |0. 17 |0. 52 |0. 005 |0. 18 | |SE |0. 013 |0. 15 |0. 085 |0. 026 |0. 0025 |0. 091 | Discussion Enzymes are biological catalysts that reduce the activation energy in order to increase the rate of the reaction. Increases in concentration increase the rate of the reaction, change in pH from the optimum will decrease the rate of a reaction, and increasing temperature will also increase the rate of reaction until a certain point is reached (Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 1972). Part I of the lab focused on the effects of concentration on pH. When we look at table I we can see that tubes 1-3 had very low absorbances. Tube 1 was the control that contained only water and no reaction occurred. In tube 2 the enzyme was not present which meant that the reaction occurred spontaneously without any help, thus a low absorbance. Tube 3 contained the enzyme but lacked the substrate, which meant nothing was bonding to the active sites and reaction could not occur. In tube 4 both substrate and enzyme were present and the absorbance rose greatly from approximately 0 to a mean of around 0. 3. This perfectly demonstrates that with the addition of an enzyme the product concentration increases and so does the rate of reaction. To tube 5, two times the amount of substrate was added and absorbance increased again to a mean of 0. 57. This shows that more substrate was present and readily available to bind to the active sites. Last was tube 6 which contained two times the amount of enzyme and again the absorbance rose to approximately 0. 63. The increase of enzymes allowed for more active sites to be readily available to bind to the molecules (Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 1972). When viewing the data obtained and comparing it to what is known about concentration effects on enzyme activity it can be accurately concluded that the data obtained is fairly accurate. As the enzyme concentration is kept the same and the substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction will also increase. This makes sense since now there are more molecules of substrate available to bond to the active sites. Increasing concentration will only increase the rate of reaction until a certain point is met. This point occurs when too much substrate is added and all available enzymes are already working. When this occurs the concentration increase no longer has an effect on the reaction rate. This is also true with the increase in concentration of the enzyme. The more enzymes there are the more active sites available to bond to the molecules. The increase in enzyme concentration will also increase the rate of reaction. This concludes effectively that the data obtained effectively demonstrates the effects of concentration on the rates of reactions (Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 1972). Part II of the lab focused on the effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity. When viewing table II it can be seen that tube 1 had a very low absorbance, due to it being the control and not containing any substrate or enzyme. Tube 2 contained the substrate and enzyme and thus the absorbance increased greatly to a mean of 0. 54. When looking at the changes of pH in tubes 5 and 6 the absorbance decreased for both to 0. 003 and 0. 1. The optimum pH is around 7 and with this the reaction rate is at its best. As stated before any change in pH away from the optimum will decrease the rate of reaction. HCl has a lower pH than 7 and is below optimum, which means that it will have more unstable charges and the absorbance will lower, which is what was seen in tube 5. The same happens for NaOH, which is on the other side of the pH spectrum and above the optimum pH of 7 as seen in tube 6. From this it can be concluded that any change in pH away from the optimum will cause an unbalance in charges and cause the reaction rate to decrease (Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 1972). The second part of part II involves the effects of temperature. When looking at tube 3 that was placed in the ice bucket the reaction rate decreased from tube 2 with mean absorbance of 0. 54 to a mean of 0. 32. A decrease in temperature will slow down the activity of the substrate and enzymes and will reduce the speed and amount of collisions occurring. With less collisions occurring the reaction rate will then decrease. Tube 4 was placed in heat and the absorbance dropped as well to a mean of 0. 38. Stated before it was said that an increase in temperature would cause the speed and number of collisions to increase. This would then increase the rate of the reaction. However, an increase in heat will only increase the rate of reaction until a certain temperature is reached. This temperature is approximately between 40-50OC. Tube 4 was placed in temperatures ranging from 80-90OC, which is much higher than the max of 40-50. When this max is surpassed the hydrogen bonds will begin to break and the enzymes will unfold. When the enzyme unfolds the active site will then be destroyed and become deformed and no longer usable. When this happens the enzymes stop functioning and the reaction rate will decrease, which is what was seen (Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 972). The living cell is a site for activity known as metabolism. This can include the build-up or repair of tissues, turning food into energy, getting rid of waste products, and all the activities of life. Many of these processes do not occur spontaneously and this is why enzymes are needed. Without enzymes life itself would not be possible (Cooper. 2000). It can be concluded that concentr ation, pH, and temperature have great effects on enzyme activity. The increase in concentration of substrates increases the reaction rate until the point where all enzymes are being used. The increases in enzyme concentration will increase the rate of reaction. Any change in pH away from the optimum will cause an unbalance in charges and will lower the reaction rate (Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 1972). Finally the increase in temperature will increase the reaction rate until around 40-50OC when hydrogen bonds begin to break (Russel et al,. 2010). By understanding more about enzyme catalysts advances in medicine and life sciences are able to occur and help us understand more about life itself. References: Russell, P. J. , S. L. Wolfe, P. E. Hertz, C. Starr, M. B. Fenton, H. Addy, D. Maxwell, T. Haffie, and K. Davey. 2010. Biology: Exploring the Diversity of life, first Canadian edition. Nelson Education Ltd. , Toronto. Biology Department. 2011. Introductory Biology: BIOL 1003 Lab Manual. Carleton University Press, Ottawa. Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 1972. Introduction to Enzymes. http://www. worthington-biochem. com/introbiochem/effectspH. html. November 22, 2011. Geoffrey M Cooper. 2000. The Cell: A Molecular Approach, Second Edition. Sinauer Associates Inc, Boston University. How to cite Enzymes: Lab Report, Papers

Implement and Monitor WHS Policies - Procedures and Programs to meet Le

Questions: 1. Describe the context of the incident/hazard (i.e. what were you doing at the time?) 2. Describe what occurred in the incident/hazard identification (i.e. what happened?) 3. Describe how you responded (i.e. what did you do?) 4. What do you think contributed to this incident/hazard? 5. What do you recommend to avoid/minimise the likelihood of the incident/hazard happening again? Answers: Maintaining work health and safety is considered to be one of the most important duties of an employer or an individual conducting a business or undertaking. One of the primary objectives is to ensure and impart a duty of care towards the workers and employees of the organization (Safe Work Australia 2016). Duties of care in relation to some of the important elements are as follows: Management of Hazards Duties related to management of hazards are as follows: Identification of the risks arising out of hazards Evaluating the nature and extent of harm that can be caused by the identified hazard and the risk thereof Prescribing standards in relation to any biological, chemical, physical and psychological hazards Development and implementation of policies and procedures for management of hazards (www.uws.edu.au 2016) Take preventive measures Take safety precautions Putting in place medical facilities for initial treatment of hazards caused to workers and employees Implementing an effective return to work framework Compensations for hazards caused to workers at workplace Establishing Consultation and Representative Committees An organisation should undertake an effective consultation process with the workers and the employees in order to communicate the problems related to workplace safety. The related duties are as follows: Undertaking effective steps to communicate the policies and procedures adopted by the organisation in this regard Hold meetings in order to explain the pros and cons of the preventive measures adopted Conduct trainings so that coordination and co-operation of the other employees can be obtained (tabmaonline.com.au 2016). Trainings are also necessary in order to make people aware of things to do in situations of crisis Appointment of WHS representatives delegated with the responsibilities of communication and spreading awareness Constituting committees responsible for investigating matters related to hazards and dispute resolution Putting in place a compensation committee for providing compensations to workers affected by hazards Providing Information and Training As mentioned earlier, an organisation has the responsibility to communicate and disseminate information related to the policies and procedures adopted by the company to its workers and employees. The duties in relation to this are as follows: Holding of group meetings Consulting with the workers about their work environment and the risks associated with it Making information readily accessible to the workforce (Australianbusiness.com.au 2016) Emphasizing on the gravity and necessity of the preventive measures Organising and imparting trainings to the workforce in this regard Appointment of safety officers and first-aid officers Alignment of training needs with the objectives of the organisation (Safe Work Australia 2016) Effective supervision of the training programs Maintenance and Confidentiality of Records of Occupational Injury and Disease There are a number of stipulations under WHS regulation with respect to the WHS policies and procedures adopted within an organisation. One such requirement is maintaining records for occupational injury and diseases (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au 2016). The duties under this are as follows: Maintaining first aid and medical records of the workgroup Maintaining records of hazardous substances used Information about the manufacturer and supplier of goods used A list of the dangerous goods used in the organisation Testing and maintenance reports of plant and machinery WHS audit Maintaining confidentiality about the medical records related to injuries faced by the workgroup. (1). WHS/OHS Webpage Contents The company is directed towards providing a safe and secure working environment to its workers and employees. With this intent, the organisation is dedicated to cater to the needs of its human resource and ensure sustainability in the long run (Safe Work Australia 2016). It is the belief of this organisation that workplace health and safety is the responsibility of the management and is a contributing factor to the success of the business enterprise. We care about our employees and promote welfare and safety of our employees at all levels. Policies A brief outline of the WHS policy is as follows: Ensure a suitable and safe working environment for its employees Health and safety of the employees will always be a priority to the organisation over other objectives Managers are to be held accountable for promoting and maintaining a safe working environment for their teams (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au 2016) Adoption of WHS rules and regulations and work according to the stipulated legislative standards Effective dispute resolution and disposal of hazard related matters Prompt services to be rendered by security officers and first-aid officers Effective injury management by implementing efficient return to Work Programme Formation of committees Consultation and training of the workgroup directed towards promoting a safe work environment (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au 2016) Implementing an effective risk management mechanism that will require participation from all corners of the organisation Procedures WHS procedures adopted and implemented within the organisation relates to the following: Communication of information related to the policies adopted by the organisation WHS training of the work group Hazard identification and risk management Procedures related to maintaining WHS records of the work force Procedures related to safety management (Sydney.edu.au 2016) Detailed controlling measures People required to take action and other necessary measures with reference to matters related to occurrence of hazards Maintaining of WHS standards that have been implemented within the organisation Details of the policies and procedures adopted and implemented within the organisation can be accessed from the website of the organisation under the tab About Us. The webpage also contains important links of applicable WHS rules and regulations approved by the Commonwealth (Safe Work Australia 2016). WHS Knowledge and Responsibilities PCBUs, Managers, Representatives and Non-Employees The WHS responsibilities have been shared among the PCBU, the Manager and other WHS Representatives so that WHS policy objectives can be achieved. These responsibilities include the following: Compliance of the applicable rules and regulations related to WHS prevailing in the country Development of policies and procedures that are required to be implemented within the organisation (Workplaceohs.com.au 2016) Communication of the policies and effective information sharing with the work group Development of standards related to WHS Consultation agreements with the employees and other groups of the workforce Imparting effective training for prevention and handling of hazards Forming committees and delegating it the responsibilities of hazard identification and risk management Maintaining records Reporting of material cases to the authorities Supervisory responsibilities Evaluation of policies and procedures at regular intervals Responsibilities of Employees Employees are required to impart the following responsibilities: The employees are required work safely to protect themselves and others from injury Use of protective equipments whenever and wherever required for work purposes Follow the procedures stipulated by the organisation Optimum utilisation of resources and avoid any misuses of the same (business-sa.com 2016) Employees should not behave in a manner detrimental to themselves, others and to the organisation Identify risks and report them to the managers Provide assistance to others whenever required. (2). Email Sub: Importance of Effective Consultation in Managing Health and Safety Risks Dear Mr. A, The primary aim of this mail is to reiterate the importance of effective consultation procedure in managing health and safety risks and present to you a proper understanding of its significance. Our organisation is composed of a wide variety of people belonging to different backgrounds and segments of the society. These groups have a different set of mind along with a separate understanding of the importance of work place health, safety and security. It is our responsibility to communicate and explain to them its significance and the policies adopted by the organisation in this regard (Safe Work Australia 2016). It is also very necessary to communicate to them the applicable procedures adopted by the organisation so that they are able to follow those as and when required. All these objectives can only be achieved by resorting to effective consultation with the work force. Regular and repetitive sessions will tend to help them to have a better understanding of health and safety at work place. Active employee participation will also motivate them to think about changing the working environment. Some of the procedural steps for consulting with the workers are as follows: Identify the work group with whom consultation is to be done (manual labours) Send a communiqu stipulating date, time and venue of the consultation Hold the meeting Identify the types of risks they may face Communicating the risk control measures to be taken whenever required Establish standards to be adopted (gov.au. 2016) Delegate responsibilities as deemed fit to achieve the organisational objectives Conclude The above steps prove to be beneficial to both the labours and the organisation at large. The consultation process can be held after working hours are over just before the weekend. The day before the weekend will be ideal as the workers will be relaxed and it will be easy to communicate with them. Your sincere efforts are required to make this consultation process successful to its fullest extent. You may get back to me for any further queries or information. Thanking you. Regards, Mr. Z (WHS Manager) (3). Steps that are required to be taken for resolving the given issue in hand are as follows: Hold a meeting with the concerned staff member and listen to him in a proper manner Get the details of the doctor and consult about the given situation Hold another consultation with the work team (gov.au. 2016) Prepare a detailed report about the case and submit it to the WHS Committee Evaluation of the medical report by the committee Granting of a proper leave as required by the staff member Timeline for Action This can be represented with the help of a Gantt chart. Particulars Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Convening and Holding Meeting Consultation with the Doctor Consultation with the WHS Committee Preparation and Submission of Detailed Report Taking Effective Decision (4). Part A: Personal details of reporter (if different to subject of incident) Given name: Mr. B Store/office location: Office kitchen Employee number: 1234 Family name: Jones Position title: WHS Representative Contact number: 12345678 DOB: 29/08/1985 Gender: Male Part B: Personal details of subject of incident Given name: Mr. C DOB: 09/11/1980 Customer/visitor/staff member/contractor: Staff Member Family name: Miles Gender: Male Contact number: 12345678 Has your manager/WHS representative been notified of this incident/hazard? Y/N Yes Date of notification: 15/05/2016 Name: Mr. B Contact no.: 12345678 Part C: Details of incident/hazard Type of incident/hazard (please specify): Injury/illness Act of violence Incident/near miss Hazard Property damage Theft Date incident occurred/hazard observed: 10/05/2016 Time: 2:30 pm Location of incident/hazard: Office Kitchen Describe the context of the incident/hazard (i.e. what were you doing at the time?): I was washing my dish after lunch at the sink when I was burnt myself on the side of the kettle, which was kept close to the sink. The space is really small and insufficient to accommodate all the necessary requirements. As a result, the accident occurred. Describe what occurred in the incident/hazard identification (i.e. what happened?): As mentioned above, I was washing my dish my dish after having lunch when I was burnt. It was assessed by the doctor as a second-degree burn. As the place is very small, the kettle was placed close to the sink. I was advised by the doctor to take rest for the rest of the week and provided a medical certificate for the same. However, when I informed the incident to my manager, he failed to understand the graveness of my physical condition and granted only a days leave. Describe how you responded (i.e. what did you do?): After the injury happened, I went to see a doctor and she assessed the injury to be a second-degree burn. She further said that it would take almost 10-21 days for me to heal. I was prescribed medication and was given a certificate by the doctor prescribing full rest for a week. I then reported the incident to my manager and informed about my present physical condition. What do you think contributed to this incident/hazard? The incident took place due to a sheer lack of space in the kitchen area. The area is too small to accommodate all the required facilities. As a result, the place is prone to frequent accidents. The injuries that result are severe and steps should be taken to prevent such incidents from taking place. What do you recommend to avoid/minimise the likelihood of the incident/hazard happening again? The kitchen area should be re-designed to increase its space or the arrangement for tea or coffee shall be made in a separate place. Part D: Were there additional witnesses to the incident/hazard? Y/N No Name: Contact no.: Employee/customer etc.: Name: Contact no.: Employee/customer etc.: Name: Contact no.: Employee/customer etc.: Part E: Signature of individual making this report Print name: Mr. C Miles Signature: Date: 31/05/2016 Contact no.: 12345678 Part F: Signature of manager/WHS representative receiving this report Print name: Mr. B Jones Signature: Date: 31/05/2016 Contact no.: 12345678 OFFICE USE ONLY (to be completed by manager/WHS representative) Immediate action taken: A separate meeting was held with Mr. C and all the required details were obtained. His doctor was consulted by us to get a better understanding of his physical condition. Date: 31/05/2016 Follow-up measure: Investigating the matter and making a detailed report for the WHS committee. Date: 31/05/2016 References Australianbusiness.com.au. (2016).Health and Safety Duties. Duties.pdf.aspx [Accessed 31 May 2016].Australianbusiness.com.au. Policies and Procedures Package. How to Manage Work Health and Safety Risks.