Word of the Week! Subfusc Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Subfusc Richmond Writing Once again, Dr. Ted Bunn, UR Department of Physics, nominated our word. This time he picked one that was completely new to me. As Dr. Bunn put it in an e-mail: It can just mean gloomy, apparently, but it can also mean the formal clothing worn for examinations and formal occasions at some universities. In Dorothy Sayers’s novel set at Oxford, she uses it to describe clothing in dark, subdued shades, suitable for wearing under academic regalia. I always think of it on graduation day. Only one of my American dictionaries has a brief entry, supporting Professor Bunns conclusion that the word is British English, not its American cousin. The OED Online provides both senses of the word given above, as an adjective or noun. The Latin roots are plain, sub + fuscus (dusky). We have a similar derivation in obfuscate and obfuscation. As recently at 2006, the Times of London noted that Undergraduates at Oxford University have voted by four to one to retain subfusc costume when sitting examinations. They voted again to retain it in 2015.   There are other specificities for subfusc at Oxford. As I learned from this article about the differences between it and Cambridge, subfusc means a kind of uniform of a black suit, white shirt and black robe, plus a black tie for men and a black ribbon for women. The customs surrounded academic regalia have crossed the Atlantic far better than the word itself or, for that matter, the often subfusc weather of the British Isles. While I cannot find meteorological examples of the word, it certainly works in that context. The image of a subfusc sky with the light just returning is my own, taken at twilight in Kenmare, Ireland in 2011.   The academic regalia of Oxford comes to us courtesy of Wikipedia. This blog will continue all summer, so nominate a word by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Words of the Week  here.

The Link Between Indian And Global Scenario - 2352 Words

THE LINK; INDIAN AND GLOBAL SCENARIO The roots of Indian law on Competition can be traced back to Articles 38 and 39 of the Constitution which lay down the duty of the State to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting a social order in which social, political and economic justice is prevalent and its further duty to distribute the ownership and control of material resources of the community to best serve the common good, in addition to ensuring that the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth. In October 1999, the government appointed a High Level Committee on Competition Policy and Competition Law to draft the new Competition Law, which was submitted in November 2000. The resultant Competition Act, 2002, came into force few months before the expiry of the TRIPS compliance period for India. It can therefore be seen as India’s fulfilment of its TRIPS obligations. Under Section 3, the Competition Commission is required to look into agreements which are anticompetitive in nature and those found to be anticompetitive are declared void. The Competition Act incorporates an exception for Intellectual Property Rights under Section 3(5) based on the rationale that Intellectual Property Rights deserve to be preserved since a failure to do so would disturb the all-important incentive for innovation. However, it does draw the line inasmuch as it does not permit unreasonable conditions to be passed off under the guise of protectingShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Planning : A Successful Indian Multinational Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Literature Review: How can the term ‘Human Resource planning’ be linked to best work practices in a successful Indian Multinational? Introduction The present research question examines how the practice of Human Resource planning is counted as one the best practices in a successful Multinational. 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The 2015 NMS identifies three National Military Objectives with an integrated approach: â€Å"to deter, deny, and defeat state adversaries; to disrupt, degrade, and defeat Violent Extremist Organizations (VEOs); and to strengthen our global network of allies and partners.† The most important lessons for military leaders for achieving these three military objectives are: how to adhere and adjust the right cause in the realm of Just War Theory before going to war; prepare for the fullRead MoreGeo Political Potential of Bangladesh in Context of South Asia1488 Words   |  6 PagesAsia *.South Asia is Surrounded by Middle east, Easternasia ,Centralasia Southeasternasia,Indian Ocean and the Himalayas ,is composed 8 countries (Bangladesh , India, Nepal , Bhutan , Pakistan, Sri Lanka , Maldives and Afghanistan) . 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But Indias ability to tap and nurture the competitiveness would depend on how well education is institutionalized. Education has become Indias â€Å"super infrastructure. When the whole world was deep asleep in darkness of ignorance Indians were busy discovering new things. Even today India has largest number of graduates in the world. In the nearly 50 years since independence, India has built a university education sys tem which is second in size only to that of the U.S., with 200 universitiesRead MoreThe PEST Analysis1782 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopments, events that will improve or hinder the growth of the firms and also it attempts to reduce the gap between present and future aspirations of the firm. 1. POLITICAL-LEGAL FACTORS: ïÆ'Ëœ Government policy and budget Performance of banking sector is affected by legislature and framing policies by the government. Banking activities are significantly affected by budget proposal. The dynamics of Indian Banking sector are drastically changed with securitization act. The Securitization Act has given moreRead MoreIncreased Risk Of Invasion : A Large Crop Canopy And Denser Foliage1419 Words   |  6 Pagesdelayed with an increase in temperature, extending the period of activity of pests. On the other hand, the increase in temperature may reduce the activity of some peat in summer. Natural enemy- pest Interaction: Amongst insects there is a distinction between the specialists and generalists, and their response to changing climatic conditions may be different. Generalist species have good dispersal capabilities and are best suited to tracking the changing climate, migrating with climatic shifts and taking

Euthanasia Is Not A Bad Thing - 2331 Words

Austin 1 Precis Taylor Austin, in her term paper â€Å"Euthanasia† argues euthanasia can save many people from suffering, but it also shouldn t be taken advantage of. Austin supports her argument by explaining that euthanasia isn’t a bad thing and people should have the right to choose what they do with their lives. The authors purpose is to inform the reader in order to/so that euthanasia isn’t a bad thing it could help many people but there should still be restrictions. The author write in a formal tone for the American Studies English teachers at Granite Hills High School. Introduction Five years ago, Joe was a retired landscaper and a loving father and grandpa. Joe was a very active man only wanting the best for himself. Everyday he would wake up make himself a healthy breakfast, go on a walk and take his grandchildren to school. He never ever thought of anything in a negative way everything was always seen positively. Every time you would see him he would have the biggest smile on his face but one day Joe took a visit to the doctors and things weren’t looking so good. Joe had been diagnosed with stage five esophageal cancer that had spread to the lining and his colon, the doctor told him it was too late to save him. Joe spent the rest of his life in and out of the hospital. It was a rough time for his kids Laura and Gabe now because they both worked full time and had to change their schedules to get their kids to school and to make time to see their father in theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Pros and Cons of Euthanasia1086 Words   |  5 PagesEuthanasia , good or bad? In this following article I will be exploring euthanasia in more detail, the different Christian points of view, the strengths and weaknesses of the euthanasia argument and finally my point of view on euthanasia and why I believe this. First of all, what is euthanasia? 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Enzymes Lab Report Free Essays

string(25) " added to all the tubes\." Introductory Biology 1 Biology 1003 Fall Term 2011 Lab Number: 3 Title: Cell Energetics: Enzyme Role in Biological Reactions Name: Brandon Moore Student Number: 100819124 Lab day and time: Wednesday pm Date: Wednesday November 23, 2011 Introduction Enzymes are a key aspect in our everyday life and are a key to sustaining life. They are biological catalysts that help speed up the rate of reactions. They do this by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions (Biology Department, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Enzymes: Lab Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now In chemical reactions bonds must be broken and new bonds must be formed. In order for this to occur the bonds must be made less stable. For bonds to become less stable a small input of energy is required and this is called the activation energy. In simpler terms, in order for a reaction to begin and proceed spontaneously a small input energy is required to give the reaction a push and get it started (Cooper, 2000). As said before catalysts are chemical agents used to speed up the rates of reactions. The biological catalyst is a group of proteins called enzymes. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy and making it easier for the eactants to obtain the necessary energy to break the kinetic barrier. Even though enzymes speed up the rate of reaction, they do not change the free energy of the reactants and the products (Russel et al. , 2010). Enzymes work by combining with reacting molecules at the active site. Each enzyme is specific to only one kind of molecule and can only bind to its specific molecule. The active site is a groove in the enzyme wher e the molecule will bind to; this is formed by the enzyme folding into a specific shape. When the enzyme is done and the molecules are then in the transitional state, which means the bonds are unstable and ready to be broken, the enzyme remains unchanged and can continue to bind to other molecules (Russel et al. , 2010). Enzymes induce the transition state by three major mechanisms. The first is by bringing the reacting molecules together. The reactants bind in the active site of the enzyme in the right orientation for catalysis to occur. The second mechanism works by the enzyme exposing the reactant molecule to altered charge environments. The third mechanism is by changing the shape of a substrate molecule (Russel et al. , 2010). The conditions being studied on how they affect enzyme activity are: concentration, ph, and temperature. As the concentration of enzymes increases the rate at which products are formed also increases. It is also true as the concentration of the substrate increases the rate of the reaction will also increase until the enzymes reach their maximum rate at which they can combine with the substrates. Each enzyme has a best possible pH where it works at its best. Anything that changes on either side of the optimum pH will decrease the rate of the reaction. Finally as temperature raises so does the rate of the reaction but only to a certain point. As the temperature raises the frequency and strength of collisions will increase, however if the temperature rises too high the hydrogen bonds of the enzyme break and it unfolds making it unable to accept any molecules due to its active site being destroyed. To observe the effects of these three conditions on enzyme activity spectrophotometry is used. A spectrophotometer works by measuring the amount of light a compound in solution absorbs. As the concentration of the solution increases more light is absorbed (Biology Department, 2011). The purpose of this experiment is to test and observe the effects of concentration, pH, and temperature on enzyme activity. Methods In part I of the lab obtain six small glass tubes in a test tube rack. After the six small tubes are obtained, add fifteen drops of distilled water to tube 1, ten drops to tube 2 and 3, five drops to tube 4, and no drops to tubes 5 and 6. Once distilled water is added five drops of the substrate solution were then added to tube 2, 4 and 6. There were no drops of substrate solution added to tubes 1 and 3, and ten drops were added to tube 6. After the substrate solution was added, five drops of the enzyme were quickly placed in tubes 3, 4 and 5. There were no drops of enzyme added in tubes 1 and 2 and in tube 6 ten drops were added. Once the enzyme solution has been added the tubes were then left to incubate for ten minutes and after five drops of DNSA solution were added to tubes 1 to 6. The tubes were then placed in a hot block at 80-90oC for five minutes. They were then taken out after the five minute period and using a 5 ml pipette, 5 ml of distilled water were added to the 6 tubes and mixed by inversion. Once everything was complete the 6 tubes were then taken to the Milton Roy Company Spectronic 21 and the absorbance of each tube was tested. In part II of the lab six small glass tubes were obtained in a test tube rack. Ten drops of distilled water were then added to test tube 1, five drops to tubes 2-4, and no drops in tubes 5 and 6. Five drops of 0. 1M HCl were added to test tube 5 and five drops of 0. 1M NaOH to test tube 6. Five drops of enzyme were then added to all tubes except tube 1. Tube 3 was then placed in the ice bucket and tube 4 was placed in the hot bucket at 80-900C for five minutes, the remaining tubes were left in the test tube rack. After the five minutes five drops of 1% starch was added to every tube and left to sit for ten minutes. After ten minutes five drops of DNSA were then added to all the tubes. You read "Enzymes: Lab Report" in category "Papers" All the tubes were then taken and placed in the hot bucket at 80-900C and left to incubate for five minutes. After the five minutes, take a 5 ml pipette and add 3 ml of distilled water to each tube and mix with inversion. Once everything is complete the tubes were then taken to the Milton Roy Company Spectronic 21 and the absorbance of each tube was tested. Results In part I tubes 1-3 had a very low absorbance. In tube 4 when the enzyme and substrate were present the absorbance increased substantially from below 0. 1 to a mean of 0. 53. When two times the amount of substrate was added in tube 5 the absorbance increased again from a mean of 0. 53 to 0. 57. Finally when two times the amount of enzymes was added the absorbance increased a final time from 0. 57 to 0. 63. Table 1. The effects of different concentrations on the absorbance of solutions Lab Group |Tube 1 Abs. |Tube 2 Abs. |Tube 3 Abs. |Tube 4 Abs. |Tube 5 Abs. |Tube 6 Abs. | |Our Group |0 |0. 05 |0. 09 |0. 55 |0. 68 |0. 66 | |Group 2 |0 |0 |0 |0. 61 |0. 725 |0. 75 | |Group 3 |0. 01 |0. 02 |0. 01 |0. 42 |0. 3 |0. 49 | |Mean |0. 0033 |0. 023 |0. 33 |0. 53 |0. 57 |0. 63 | |SD |0. 0058 |0. 025 |0. 049 |0. 097 |0. 23 |0. 13 | |SE |0. 0033 |0. 015 |0. 029 |0. 056 |0. 14 |0. 076 | Tube 1 was the control and recorded a low absorbance of approximately 0. 01. Tube 2 contained the enzyme and substrate and the absorbance rose to a mean of 0. 54. When tube three was heated and tube 4 was cooled the absorbance ecreased to 0. 32 and 0. 38. Finally solution of 0. 1M HCl was added to tube 5 and the absorbance decreased to 0. 0025, and solution of 0. 1M NaOH was added to tube 6 and the absorbance decreased to 0. 13. Table 2. The effects of pH and temperature on the absorbance of different solutions |Lab Group |Tube 1 Abs. |Tube 2 Abs. |Tube 3 Abs. |Tube 4 Abs. |Tube 5 Abs. |Tube 6 Abs. | |Our Group |0 |0. 63 |0. 39 |0 |0 |0. 4 | |Group 2 |0 |0. 15 |0. 9 |0 |0 |0. 01 | |Group 3 |0. 05 |0. 85 |0. 49 |0. 11 |0. 01 |0. 08 | |Group 4 |0 |0. 54 |0. 31 |0. 04 |0 |0. 03 | |Mean |0. 013 |0. 54 |0. 32 |0. 038 |0. 0025 |0. 13 | |SD |0. 025 |0. 29 |0. 17 |0. 52 |0. 005 |0. 18 | |SE |0. 013 |0. 15 |0. 085 |0. 026 |0. 0025 |0. 091 | Discussion Enzymes are biological catalysts that reduce the activation energy in order to increase the rate of the reaction. Increases in concentration increase the rate of the reaction, change in pH from the optimum will decrease the rate of a reaction, and increasing temperature will also increase the rate of reaction until a certain point is reached (Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 1972). Part I of the lab focused on the effects of concentration on pH. When we look at table I we can see that tubes 1-3 had very low absorbances. Tube 1 was the control that contained only water and no reaction occurred. In tube 2 the enzyme was not present which meant that the reaction occurred spontaneously without any help, thus a low absorbance. Tube 3 contained the enzyme but lacked the substrate, which meant nothing was bonding to the active sites and reaction could not occur. In tube 4 both substrate and enzyme were present and the absorbance rose greatly from approximately 0 to a mean of around 0. 3. This perfectly demonstrates that with the addition of an enzyme the product concentration increases and so does the rate of reaction. To tube 5, two times the amount of substrate was added and absorbance increased again to a mean of 0. 57. This shows that more substrate was present and readily available to bind to the active sites. Last was tube 6 which contained two times the amount of enzyme and again the absorbance rose to approximately 0. 63. The increase of enzymes allowed for more active sites to be readily available to bind to the molecules (Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 1972). When viewing the data obtained and comparing it to what is known about concentration effects on enzyme activity it can be accurately concluded that the data obtained is fairly accurate. As the enzyme concentration is kept the same and the substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction will also increase. This makes sense since now there are more molecules of substrate available to bond to the active sites. Increasing concentration will only increase the rate of reaction until a certain point is met. This point occurs when too much substrate is added and all available enzymes are already working. When this occurs the concentration increase no longer has an effect on the reaction rate. This is also true with the increase in concentration of the enzyme. The more enzymes there are the more active sites available to bond to the molecules. The increase in enzyme concentration will also increase the rate of reaction. This concludes effectively that the data obtained effectively demonstrates the effects of concentration on the rates of reactions (Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 1972). Part II of the lab focused on the effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity. When viewing table II it can be seen that tube 1 had a very low absorbance, due to it being the control and not containing any substrate or enzyme. Tube 2 contained the substrate and enzyme and thus the absorbance increased greatly to a mean of 0. 54. When looking at the changes of pH in tubes 5 and 6 the absorbance decreased for both to 0. 003 and 0. 1. The optimum pH is around 7 and with this the reaction rate is at its best. As stated before any change in pH away from the optimum will decrease the rate of reaction. HCl has a lower pH than 7 and is below optimum, which means that it will have more unstable charges and the absorbance will lower, which is what was seen in tube 5. The same happens for NaOH, which is on the other side of the pH spectrum and above the optimum pH of 7 as seen in tube 6. From this it can be concluded that any change in pH away from the optimum will cause an unbalance in charges and cause the reaction rate to decrease (Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 1972). The second part of part II involves the effects of temperature. When looking at tube 3 that was placed in the ice bucket the reaction rate decreased from tube 2 with mean absorbance of 0. 54 to a mean of 0. 32. A decrease in temperature will slow down the activity of the substrate and enzymes and will reduce the speed and amount of collisions occurring. With less collisions occurring the reaction rate will then decrease. Tube 4 was placed in heat and the absorbance dropped as well to a mean of 0. 38. Stated before it was said that an increase in temperature would cause the speed and number of collisions to increase. This would then increase the rate of the reaction. However, an increase in heat will only increase the rate of reaction until a certain temperature is reached. This temperature is approximately between 40-50OC. Tube 4 was placed in temperatures ranging from 80-90OC, which is much higher than the max of 40-50. When this max is surpassed the hydrogen bonds will begin to break and the enzymes will unfold. When the enzyme unfolds the active site will then be destroyed and become deformed and no longer usable. When this happens the enzymes stop functioning and the reaction rate will decrease, which is what was seen (Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 972). The living cell is a site for activity known as metabolism. This can include the build-up or repair of tissues, turning food into energy, getting rid of waste products, and all the activities of life. Many of these processes do not occur spontaneously and this is why enzymes are needed. Without enzymes life itself would not be possible (Cooper. 2000). It can be concluded that concentr ation, pH, and temperature have great effects on enzyme activity. The increase in concentration of substrates increases the reaction rate until the point where all enzymes are being used. The increases in enzyme concentration will increase the rate of reaction. Any change in pH away from the optimum will cause an unbalance in charges and will lower the reaction rate (Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 1972). Finally the increase in temperature will increase the reaction rate until around 40-50OC when hydrogen bonds begin to break (Russel et al,. 2010). By understanding more about enzyme catalysts advances in medicine and life sciences are able to occur and help us understand more about life itself. References: Russell, P. J. , S. L. Wolfe, P. E. Hertz, C. Starr, M. B. Fenton, H. Addy, D. Maxwell, T. Haffie, and K. Davey. 2010. Biology: Exploring the Diversity of life, first Canadian edition. Nelson Education Ltd. , Toronto. Biology Department. 2011. Introductory Biology: BIOL 1003 Lab Manual. Carleton University Press, Ottawa. Worthington Biochemical Corporation. 1972. Introduction to Enzymes. http://www. worthington-biochem. com/introbiochem/effectspH. html. November 22, 2011. Geoffrey M Cooper. 2000. The Cell: A Molecular Approach, Second Edition. Sinauer Associates Inc, Boston University. How to cite Enzymes: Lab Report, Papers

Implement and Monitor WHS Policies - Procedures and Programs to meet Le

Questions: 1. Describe the context of the incident/hazard (i.e. what were you doing at the time?) 2. Describe what occurred in the incident/hazard identification (i.e. what happened?) 3. Describe how you responded (i.e. what did you do?) 4. What do you think contributed to this incident/hazard? 5. What do you recommend to avoid/minimise the likelihood of the incident/hazard happening again? Answers: Maintaining work health and safety is considered to be one of the most important duties of an employer or an individual conducting a business or undertaking. One of the primary objectives is to ensure and impart a duty of care towards the workers and employees of the organization (Safe Work Australia 2016). Duties of care in relation to some of the important elements are as follows: Management of Hazards Duties related to management of hazards are as follows: Identification of the risks arising out of hazards Evaluating the nature and extent of harm that can be caused by the identified hazard and the risk thereof Prescribing standards in relation to any biological, chemical, physical and psychological hazards Development and implementation of policies and procedures for management of hazards (www.uws.edu.au 2016) Take preventive measures Take safety precautions Putting in place medical facilities for initial treatment of hazards caused to workers and employees Implementing an effective return to work framework Compensations for hazards caused to workers at workplace Establishing Consultation and Representative Committees An organisation should undertake an effective consultation process with the workers and the employees in order to communicate the problems related to workplace safety. The related duties are as follows: Undertaking effective steps to communicate the policies and procedures adopted by the organisation in this regard Hold meetings in order to explain the pros and cons of the preventive measures adopted Conduct trainings so that coordination and co-operation of the other employees can be obtained (tabmaonline.com.au 2016). Trainings are also necessary in order to make people aware of things to do in situations of crisis Appointment of WHS representatives delegated with the responsibilities of communication and spreading awareness Constituting committees responsible for investigating matters related to hazards and dispute resolution Putting in place a compensation committee for providing compensations to workers affected by hazards Providing Information and Training As mentioned earlier, an organisation has the responsibility to communicate and disseminate information related to the policies and procedures adopted by the company to its workers and employees. The duties in relation to this are as follows: Holding of group meetings Consulting with the workers about their work environment and the risks associated with it Making information readily accessible to the workforce (Australianbusiness.com.au 2016) Emphasizing on the gravity and necessity of the preventive measures Organising and imparting trainings to the workforce in this regard Appointment of safety officers and first-aid officers Alignment of training needs with the objectives of the organisation (Safe Work Australia 2016) Effective supervision of the training programs Maintenance and Confidentiality of Records of Occupational Injury and Disease There are a number of stipulations under WHS regulation with respect to the WHS policies and procedures adopted within an organisation. One such requirement is maintaining records for occupational injury and diseases (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au 2016). The duties under this are as follows: Maintaining first aid and medical records of the workgroup Maintaining records of hazardous substances used Information about the manufacturer and supplier of goods used A list of the dangerous goods used in the organisation Testing and maintenance reports of plant and machinery WHS audit Maintaining confidentiality about the medical records related to injuries faced by the workgroup. (1). WHS/OHS Webpage Contents The company is directed towards providing a safe and secure working environment to its workers and employees. With this intent, the organisation is dedicated to cater to the needs of its human resource and ensure sustainability in the long run (Safe Work Australia 2016). It is the belief of this organisation that workplace health and safety is the responsibility of the management and is a contributing factor to the success of the business enterprise. We care about our employees and promote welfare and safety of our employees at all levels. Policies A brief outline of the WHS policy is as follows: Ensure a suitable and safe working environment for its employees Health and safety of the employees will always be a priority to the organisation over other objectives Managers are to be held accountable for promoting and maintaining a safe working environment for their teams (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au 2016) Adoption of WHS rules and regulations and work according to the stipulated legislative standards Effective dispute resolution and disposal of hazard related matters Prompt services to be rendered by security officers and first-aid officers Effective injury management by implementing efficient return to Work Programme Formation of committees Consultation and training of the workgroup directed towards promoting a safe work environment (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au 2016) Implementing an effective risk management mechanism that will require participation from all corners of the organisation Procedures WHS procedures adopted and implemented within the organisation relates to the following: Communication of information related to the policies adopted by the organisation WHS training of the work group Hazard identification and risk management Procedures related to maintaining WHS records of the work force Procedures related to safety management (Sydney.edu.au 2016) Detailed controlling measures People required to take action and other necessary measures with reference to matters related to occurrence of hazards Maintaining of WHS standards that have been implemented within the organisation Details of the policies and procedures adopted and implemented within the organisation can be accessed from the website of the organisation under the tab About Us. The webpage also contains important links of applicable WHS rules and regulations approved by the Commonwealth (Safe Work Australia 2016). WHS Knowledge and Responsibilities PCBUs, Managers, Representatives and Non-Employees The WHS responsibilities have been shared among the PCBU, the Manager and other WHS Representatives so that WHS policy objectives can be achieved. These responsibilities include the following: Compliance of the applicable rules and regulations related to WHS prevailing in the country Development of policies and procedures that are required to be implemented within the organisation (Workplaceohs.com.au 2016) Communication of the policies and effective information sharing with the work group Development of standards related to WHS Consultation agreements with the employees and other groups of the workforce Imparting effective training for prevention and handling of hazards Forming committees and delegating it the responsibilities of hazard identification and risk management Maintaining records Reporting of material cases to the authorities Supervisory responsibilities Evaluation of policies and procedures at regular intervals Responsibilities of Employees Employees are required to impart the following responsibilities: The employees are required work safely to protect themselves and others from injury Use of protective equipments whenever and wherever required for work purposes Follow the procedures stipulated by the organisation Optimum utilisation of resources and avoid any misuses of the same (business-sa.com 2016) Employees should not behave in a manner detrimental to themselves, others and to the organisation Identify risks and report them to the managers Provide assistance to others whenever required. (2). Email Sub: Importance of Effective Consultation in Managing Health and Safety Risks Dear Mr. A, The primary aim of this mail is to reiterate the importance of effective consultation procedure in managing health and safety risks and present to you a proper understanding of its significance. Our organisation is composed of a wide variety of people belonging to different backgrounds and segments of the society. These groups have a different set of mind along with a separate understanding of the importance of work place health, safety and security. It is our responsibility to communicate and explain to them its significance and the policies adopted by the organisation in this regard (Safe Work Australia 2016). It is also very necessary to communicate to them the applicable procedures adopted by the organisation so that they are able to follow those as and when required. All these objectives can only be achieved by resorting to effective consultation with the work force. Regular and repetitive sessions will tend to help them to have a better understanding of health and safety at work place. Active employee participation will also motivate them to think about changing the working environment. Some of the procedural steps for consulting with the workers are as follows: Identify the work group with whom consultation is to be done (manual labours) Send a communiqu stipulating date, time and venue of the consultation Hold the meeting Identify the types of risks they may face Communicating the risk control measures to be taken whenever required Establish standards to be adopted (gov.au. 2016) Delegate responsibilities as deemed fit to achieve the organisational objectives Conclude The above steps prove to be beneficial to both the labours and the organisation at large. The consultation process can be held after working hours are over just before the weekend. The day before the weekend will be ideal as the workers will be relaxed and it will be easy to communicate with them. Your sincere efforts are required to make this consultation process successful to its fullest extent. You may get back to me for any further queries or information. Thanking you. Regards, Mr. Z (WHS Manager) (3). Steps that are required to be taken for resolving the given issue in hand are as follows: Hold a meeting with the concerned staff member and listen to him in a proper manner Get the details of the doctor and consult about the given situation Hold another consultation with the work team (gov.au. 2016) Prepare a detailed report about the case and submit it to the WHS Committee Evaluation of the medical report by the committee Granting of a proper leave as required by the staff member Timeline for Action This can be represented with the help of a Gantt chart. Particulars Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Convening and Holding Meeting Consultation with the Doctor Consultation with the WHS Committee Preparation and Submission of Detailed Report Taking Effective Decision (4). Part A: Personal details of reporter (if different to subject of incident) Given name: Mr. B Store/office location: Office kitchen Employee number: 1234 Family name: Jones Position title: WHS Representative Contact number: 12345678 DOB: 29/08/1985 Gender: Male Part B: Personal details of subject of incident Given name: Mr. C DOB: 09/11/1980 Customer/visitor/staff member/contractor: Staff Member Family name: Miles Gender: Male Contact number: 12345678 Has your manager/WHS representative been notified of this incident/hazard? Y/N Yes Date of notification: 15/05/2016 Name: Mr. B Contact no.: 12345678 Part C: Details of incident/hazard Type of incident/hazard (please specify): Injury/illness Act of violence Incident/near miss Hazard Property damage Theft Date incident occurred/hazard observed: 10/05/2016 Time: 2:30 pm Location of incident/hazard: Office Kitchen Describe the context of the incident/hazard (i.e. what were you doing at the time?): I was washing my dish after lunch at the sink when I was burnt myself on the side of the kettle, which was kept close to the sink. The space is really small and insufficient to accommodate all the necessary requirements. As a result, the accident occurred. Describe what occurred in the incident/hazard identification (i.e. what happened?): As mentioned above, I was washing my dish my dish after having lunch when I was burnt. It was assessed by the doctor as a second-degree burn. As the place is very small, the kettle was placed close to the sink. I was advised by the doctor to take rest for the rest of the week and provided a medical certificate for the same. However, when I informed the incident to my manager, he failed to understand the graveness of my physical condition and granted only a days leave. Describe how you responded (i.e. what did you do?): After the injury happened, I went to see a doctor and she assessed the injury to be a second-degree burn. She further said that it would take almost 10-21 days for me to heal. I was prescribed medication and was given a certificate by the doctor prescribing full rest for a week. I then reported the incident to my manager and informed about my present physical condition. What do you think contributed to this incident/hazard? The incident took place due to a sheer lack of space in the kitchen area. The area is too small to accommodate all the required facilities. As a result, the place is prone to frequent accidents. The injuries that result are severe and steps should be taken to prevent such incidents from taking place. What do you recommend to avoid/minimise the likelihood of the incident/hazard happening again? The kitchen area should be re-designed to increase its space or the arrangement for tea or coffee shall be made in a separate place. Part D: Were there additional witnesses to the incident/hazard? Y/N No Name: Contact no.: Employee/customer etc.: Name: Contact no.: Employee/customer etc.: Name: Contact no.: Employee/customer etc.: Part E: Signature of individual making this report Print name: Mr. C Miles Signature: Date: 31/05/2016 Contact no.: 12345678 Part F: Signature of manager/WHS representative receiving this report Print name: Mr. B Jones Signature: Date: 31/05/2016 Contact no.: 12345678 OFFICE USE ONLY (to be completed by manager/WHS representative) Immediate action taken: A separate meeting was held with Mr. C and all the required details were obtained. His doctor was consulted by us to get a better understanding of his physical condition. Date: 31/05/2016 Follow-up measure: Investigating the matter and making a detailed report for the WHS committee. Date: 31/05/2016 References Australianbusiness.com.au. (2016).Health and Safety Duties. Duties.pdf.aspx [Accessed 31 May 2016].Australianbusiness.com.au. Policies and Procedures Package. How to Manage Work Health and Safety Risks.

BillyBudd&The Symbolism Within essays

BillyBudd&The Symbolism Within essays In the book "Billy Budd", written by Herman Meville, there are many references to the bible. Billy Budd, the main character, is portrayed as a biblical figure that is caught in the real world of war and mutiny. There are also many other different types of symbolism throughout this book. The story starts out in the eighteenth century, on the H.M.S Rights-of-Man, a British naval ship. Billy Budd is pressured into service on a warship, the H.M.S. Bellipotent and here is where his life changes forever. Melville uses Biblical allusions in defining his characters. There are obvious symbolic references of Billy Budd as a Jesus figure, or as Adam in the Garden of Eden. But what role does Claggart play in this Biblical metaphor? Claggart is carefully described throughout the story as having a dark and sinister countenance. Physically, his face is pale and sickly, his hair black. He contrasts greatly with the rosy cheeks, and blonde hair of Billy Budd. Because of his pallid complexion, Claggart stays out of the sun most of the time. Therefore, he is often described as surrounded by darkness, and lurks in the shadows of the ship, much like a snake spends much time hiding under rocks. In addition, Claggart is responsible for the false accusations of Billy's involvement with the mutiny. In the Biblical allegory of this story, Claggart fits into the role of the serpent in the Garden of Eden, whose devious and evil spirit helps bring about the fall of Adam and Eve. In the Biblical story, the serpent convinces Eve to take the fruit that God has commanded her not to eat, promising that it will bring her God-like powers. Here, Claggart is similar to the serpent in his deceitfulness, telling Captain Vere that Billy Budd is implicated in the ship's mutiny. Billy actually attempted to subdue the attempts of a mutiny by refusing to accept the two gold pieces offered to him to take part. But the evil Claggart easily distorts even Billy...

Pablo Picasso Blue Period

Pablo Picasso Blue Period The Blue Period in the oeuvre of Pablo Picasso is defined as his paintings created in years 1901-1904. It is characterized by obvious domination of various forms of blue colors in paintings. Interestingly, at this point of his life he was definitely feeling blue.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Picasso: Blue Period specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The preceding year before the beginning of the Blue Period appeared to be shocking for the artist. Pablo Picasso’s best friend, Carlos Casagemas, committed a suicide. This event is considered to have led the artist to the period of melancholy and depression (Warncke, 201). Feeling frustrated and left alone, Pablo Picasso tries to express his emotions with the help of canvas and oil. He paints himself and other people with unhappy expressions; emptiness can be read on their faces. Pablo Picasso’s Blue Period can be defined as the transition of the artist from classical to abstract painting (Getlein,28). While creating the paintings, Pablo Picasso was very young (21-25). Therefore, some drawbacks in composition can be observed at the Blue Period. However, at his time, Pablo Picasso made a real revolution in the world of art with his works. Unusual, serious and grotesque, they form a special class of pictures which introduce the age of modern art. The Blue Period includes such works as Self portrait, Le gourmet, Blue Nude, La Celestina, Evocation, burial of Casagemas, Casagemas’ Death, Two sisters, the meeting, Life, Old Guitarist, Child with a Dove, Poor people on the seashore, Susanne Bloch, and others. Child with a dove â€Å"Child with a dove†, painted in 1901, is the painting which opens the Picasso’s series of the paintings of the Blue Period. Unlike the most of paintings of this period, it is very tender and mild.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get you r first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A little girl holding a white dove on a playground looks very sad. The picture is still, yet the viewers expect the doe to fly away soon; that is why the subconscious dynamics is present in the work. The light blue and green pastel tones intensify the melancholic mood of the painting. However, the vivid black contours make the figures very contrastive. The brushstrokes can be seen; moreover, it is clear that preceding to the green phone Picasso used deep blue. Interestingly, starting from this painting the author started to sign his works as simply â€Å"Picasso†, with no initials (Raynal, 81). In this painting, the influence of such artists as Gauguin and Cezanne on Picasso’s style of painting can be noticed. The Absinthe Drinker â€Å"The absinthe drinker†, created in 1901, is a work which depicts the culture of Paris of that time. Absinthe, at that time a cheap infusion of weeds, was very spread among the youth. A man with a bottle of absinthe was a casual picture of 19th century (Gilot, 241). The Picasso’s character is very tragic; his posture and expression emphasize his loneliness. He is sitting with his drunken eyes staring in deep thoughts; he is hugging himself with one arm, which is a sign of emptiness, and supporting his chin with another hand. This hand is standing strictly vertical and is situated in the center of the composition, making the painting massive and rude. The palette is comparatively rich; the typical blue colors are combined with red, yet they still are cold. The texture of the painting is homogenious. The painting is now kept in Russia, at the Hermitage in St. Petersburg.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Picasso: Blue Period specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Self portrait The picture â€Å"Self portrait† was also created in 1901. Painted with oil, this work is very express ive. Pablo Picasso shows himself as a serious figure looking straight into the viewer’s eyes. He is holding his head close to his shoulders, which signals the depressed and insecure state. He is wearing black; the rest of the picture is presented in blue tones. Despite the motionless figure, the painting looks very expressive because of contrasted colors. The red lips prove the contrast with cold colors and intensify the emotionality of the painting. The contours are highlighted with thick black lines, which make the style similar to that of Picasso (Richardson, 162). The texture is homogeneous; the brushstrokes are slightly noticeable. The work was one of the objects on a famous Spanish exhibition called â€Å"From El Grego to Picasso†. At the moment the painting is exhibited at the Hotel Salà ©, currently the Musà ©e National Picasso in Paris. Evocation, burial of Casagemas Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After Pablo Picasso’s best friend’s suicide, the artist paints a set of pictures related to his death. One of them is â€Å"Evocation, burial of Casagemas†, created in 1901. This work is quite big: its original size is 150.5 x 90.5 cm. It depicts the death of Casagemas in two dimensions: one, people mourning his death on the Earth, and the other, people greeting him in Heaven, where Casagemas arrives on a white horse. Heaven take 2/3 of the picture and is painted with pale, cold blue and green with bright white stripes symbolizing clouds. These features signify that the artist gets closer to the cubist technique with its vivid forms and bright boundaries. The scene on Earth is painted in warm tones. The depicted people have no faces, but their postures are extremely expressive; they all show deploration. Noticeably, the Earth part is still, while the heaven part is very dynamic. What is more, the colors used are also very dynamic. In fact, the colors are â€Å" dirty†, which gives the feeling of massiveness. This painting greatly demonstrates how good Picasso was at organizing the composition with many people in a way that looks natural. Casagemas’ Death One of the most striking works of Picasso’s Blue Period is â€Å"Casagemas’ Death†. As it is known, Picasso’s best friend committed a suicide in a temple (Leal, 159). This fact could serve as a reason why the central object of the painting is a bright light of a candle. The rays of the candle enlighten the face of Casagemas. The cold colors of the dead body are contrasted with the hot light – a comparison of death and life. The still body is combined with the dynamic flame. The candle is the only vertical line on the painting, which makes it look like an axis of the picture. The grotesque brushstrokes make the painting even more convincing. The zoomed scale makes an impression of the real presence near the object; in addition, the falling ho rizon adds the pessimism to the already tragic plot. The texture is grained; the artist used a thick layer of the paint. All in all, the painting is very tragic and expressive. The painting is now kept in France, at the Musà ©e Picasso in Paris. Le gourmet The name of this picture, â€Å"Le gourmet†, is often translated as â€Å"The Greedy Child†. However, if translated from French this word actually means â€Å"gastronome†. Picasso shows a boy eating at a table. The dynamical character of the boy is supported by mosaic surrounding; however, even despite making some moves he stays motionless. In comparison with other works of the Blue Period, this work can be defined as the most aristocratic one. In contrast to death, prostitutes and alcoholics Picasso depicts a boy with perfect hair and manners (Cowling, 319). Furthermore, the boy’s figure is shown as small with the help of surrounding objects, which are big; even the plate is too wide for the boy†™s hands. This can be a sign of the character’s loneliness. The colors are pale blue, as in most of the pictures of the period; the warm stains are also present. This picture differs from others by the technique of painting: the brushstrokes are very shallow and vivid. This technique gives an impression of a crayon-painted picture. This picture also contains more details than others; therefore, the elements of classicism are obvious. At the moment the painting is together with some of the works of Picasso’s Blue Period in USA, at the National Gallery of Art in Washington. Blue Nude The picture â€Å"Blue Nude† was painted in 1902. It depicts a necked woman crying sitting with her back to the viewers. Her body and the background are painted identically; only the thick black lines show her shape. The author also uses pink tones in order to contrast between the body and the surrounding. In this picture Pablo Picasso tries to make the first steps to primitivism, showing the simplified shapes (Franck, 143). The colors are not presented separately; all the tones seem to be flowing out from each other. The setting is unclear, as the painted woman has no ground under her; however, she does not look like hanging in the air: her posture is obviously fixed. All in all, despite the vivid lines, the picture looks very integral. La Celestina â€Å"La celestina† was painted in 1903. On the picture there is a woman with slightly grayed hair. The composition is still. She sits in a posture, traditional for Picasso’s portraits: with her body turned 30% to the West and her head turned full face to the viewer. The woman is dressed strictly: she has a black headscarf on. However, her facial expression shows some foxy thoughts. Her eyes, one of which is blind, are staring right, her eyebrows slightly raised, and her lips mysteriously simpering. Thus, Picasso reveals the character of the woman: both the model and Celestina were procuresses (Jaf fe, 82). The dark tones are presented by homogeneous style of painting. The absence of the setting emphasizes the importance and expressiveness of the character. The painting is now kept together with the author’s self-portrait of the Blue Period, in Paris, the Musà ©e National Picasso. Two sisters, the meeting The picture â€Å"Two sisters, the meeting†, created in 1902 depicts two unhappy women standing together. The painter was inspired for this work by his visit to the Paris prison of St. Lazare. The interesting detail about that prison was that it was guarded by nuns. Therefore, the women on the picture are probably nuns or a nun and a prisoner (Gilot, 328). The both characters are still. This work shows Pablo Picasso’s cubist preferences. The work is very contrastive, the semi-shadows are often omitted, the shapes are clean-cut. Some state that the simplified shapes, especially the way of painting the faces, points to the Christian motives (Warncke, 134) . The tones vary from light blue to dark violet. The typical distinct counters are less noticeable than in other works of the period. The curl of the arch on the left repeats the form of the sisters’ heads bend to each other, and the shadow on the right continues this pattern. The barefooted women with their heads covered remind the Discalced Carmelite Nuns. Nowadays the painting is in Russia; specifically, in the Hermitage, St. Petersburg. The old guitarist â€Å"The old guitarist†, created in 1903, is one of the â€Å"mildest† works of Pablo Picasso’s Blue Period referring to the technique. A homeless man, probably drunk, playing his guitar is shown in the picture. The simple forms are yet detailed; the muscles and tendons are clear. The typical pale blue tones are combined with a warm stain (guitar) and bright white strokes, just like in most of the described paintings. The composition is still; only the guitarist’s hands are supposed to expres s dynamics, but in fact they are also relaxed. The three horizontal lines (the man’s head, hand and legs) are connected by the vertical one (the guitar). At the moment the work is situated at the Art Institute of Chicago in USA. Life The painting â€Å"Life† is another work where Picasso originally situates many figures. The author depicts Casagemas with his lover, and a mother with a child near them. The picture also refers to the set of Casagemas’ portraits. The triple dimension includes the three front characters, one person at the background and also two people painted on a picture behind the front characters. All the figures are motionless; only the couple on the left compensates the still composition. None of the characters meet with their eyes; this also adds some dynamics to the painting. The colors change from light blue on the top to brownish green on the bottom. The bright white stains highlight the front space and serve as a frame for the background . In this picture, author uses as much contrast as it was possible. One of the most obvious is the contrast between the necked couple and a woman in the fabric. Interestingly, the painting shows the alive friend of the author, surrounded by the closest people, which shows the deep feeling of respect that Picasso had to Casagemas. At the moment the work is in USA, The Cleveland Museum of Art. Poor people on the seashore The painting â€Å"Poor people on the seashore† depicts a family of three, a mother, a father and a son. Another name for the painting is â€Å"The tragedy†. The painting refers to the period when Picasso was concentrated on the general message more than on composition. Thus, the composition is rather inconsistent: the woman is still, but the man with the boy is moving in some direction; but their route seems to include hitting the woman. The characters are painted with violet; for the background Picasso used pure light blue colors. They express the fro zen sea and the winter sky; the people with no shoes on also show that they are cold. In general, the mood of the painting is expressed very clearly. The pale stains in this painting are not only used in some elements, but also for underlying the contrast with dark tones. All in all, despite the imperfect composition, Picasso managed to express the atmosphere excellently. The painting is now at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, USA. Suzanne Bloch â€Å"Suzanne Bloch† is the last painting from Pablo Picasso’s Blue Period. This portrait does not differ much from the other portraits of Picasso: the typical composition, model’s posture, tones and style of painting. A still woman looks straight into the viewers’ eyes; the dark tones of clothing and hair are contrasted with very pale skin. Warm orange lips also prove a contrast to the general cold of the painting. The texture is rather coarse, which makes the painting look messy. The portrait also has an interesting story. It was once stolen from a museum and found a year later, undamaged and safe (Leal, 287). All in all, the Blue Period in the artistic work of Pablo Picasso is one of the most prolific ones. The feeling of resignation was one of the strongest stimuli for the artist to create his works. The Blue Period is marked by expressive melancholic paintings and a palette of cold blue colors. Because of the mournful mood, author depicts unhappy people. None of the characters painted during the Blue Period is smiling; they all embody either poor, sad or stereotypically bad characters. In addition, the style of Picasso’s paintings becomes very recognizable; it still contains the aristocratic tones and mild transitions but at the same time has the roots of cubism. The main features of the Blue Period’s portraits are stillness, heavy dark colors, and thick black contours. Nowadays the works are kept in greatest galleries of the world and admitted to be ones of the world best works. Barnet, S. A short guide to write about art 9th edition. London: Longman, 2002. Print. Cowling, E. Picasso: Style and Meaning. Phaidon Press, 2002. Print. Franck, D. Bohemian Paris: Picasso, Modigliani, Matisse, and the Birth of Modern Art. Grove Press, 2003. Print. Getlein, M. Living with Art 8th Edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2007. Print. Gilot, F, Lake, C. Life with Picasso. Virago,1990. Print. Jaffe, H. Picasso (Masters of Art) New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1983. Print. Leal, B. The Ultimate Picasso. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2000. Print. Raynal, M. Picasso: Biographical and Critical Studies. Skira,1959. Print. Richardson, J. A Life of Picasso: The Prodigy, 1881-1906. Alfred A. Knopf, 2007. Print. Warncke, C, Walther, I, Taschen,G. Picasso Taschen: illustrated edition, 2003. Print.